概要写作步骤

　 概要写作

　[考纲解读 ]

　提供一篇 350 词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。

　[原题分析 ]

　1．原文材料 350 词以内，概要写作 40～80 词。

　2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。

　3．概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。

　4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。

　[写作注意事项 ]

　1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。

　2．各要点的表达要相对独立。

　3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。

　4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。

　5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词 which，who 等引导的定语从句，而

　采用-ing 形式和-ed形式作定语。

　6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。

　[概要模板及句型 ]

　1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...

　②The article focuses on the topic of...

　2．表示研究的结论

　①The result showed that...

　②The author found that...

　③It was concluded that...

　3．表示推荐、观点或建议

　The author suggests/considers that...

　Suggestions are made for...

　实战演练 1

　阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。

　As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the

　mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the

　inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing

　director of London-based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for

　personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making

　the inquiries for full-time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their

　children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school.

　Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families

　wanting their children to have a little extra help learning aheadof entrance exams at competitive private

　schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton.

　"We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full-time home schooling for a year

　though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school

　environment can give them, such as social skills and that vital interaction they need –although we try to

　mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching

　program."

　Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full-time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school,

　which usually charge around 35,00￡0 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ two full-time tutors, one to

　cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in

　these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor

　being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.

　参考范文： Home tutoring isn ’trare in society. Some rich families choose full-time tutors because of frequent

　travelling or because they don ’t want their children to go into boarding sch要oo点l.( 1) Meanwhile, to perform better

　in entrance exams, some children need extra tutoring services.( 要点 2) Some tuition firms add some activities to

　improve the social skills of the children .( 要点 3) Although the costs of home tutoring are high, some families still

　employ two full-time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development.( 要点 4)

　实战演练 2

　阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。

　Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about

　attitudes to dirt.

　In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as

　medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular

　danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his

　kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe

　lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a

　nobleman had taken a bat，hthe king ordered tha，t to avoid the attack of diseas，e the nobleman should not go

　out.

　Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long- lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice

　neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water

　supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Ye，t it seems that standards of

　cleanliness have moved beyond science since World WaⅡr .Advertisements repeatedly sell the ide：aclothes

　need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for di，rt however，gone too

　far?

　Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first - time parents nervously try to warn their

　children off touching dirt ，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary

　Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong

　immune system.And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.

　【参考范文】

　People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.要( 点 1)For a long time in history，people of some

　European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点 2)However，

　people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off

　our body can keep us healthy要.( 点 3)However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help

　our immune system.(要点 4)

　附：概要写作评分原则及给分范围

　一、评分原则

　1．本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分。

　2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、

　确定或调整档次，最后给分。

　3．词数少于 40 的和多于 80 的，从总分中减去 2 分。

　4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：

　(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

　(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

　(3)上下文的连贯性；

　(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

　5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面， 评分时， 应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

　6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

　二、各档次的给分范围和要求

　档次 描述

　—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。

　第五档 —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。

　(21－25)

　—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。

　—完全使用自己的语言。

　第四档 —理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。

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