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三明格氏栲保护区种子植物区系特点及其地理意义

作者:jnscsh   时间:2022-02-11 08:40:33   浏览次数:

摘要: 通过对福建三明格氏栲保护区野外植物采集和资料查阅,编制该区域种子植物名录进行植物区系的分析,并与相邻地区比较。结果表明:保护区植物区系起源古老,中新世以来一直保持着其原有的物种组成,构成了完整种子植物进化系列。境内地形条件复杂,植物种类丰富,有149科603属1 303种。森林中多建群种优势科为樟科(Lauraceae)和壳斗科(Fagaceae)等,科属区系地理成分复杂,以热带分布型为主,泛热带分布科属占首位,同时兼容了大量温带成分;通过与福建邻近地区比较,其与戴云山相似性最大,随纬度北移或南移,相似系数下降,与中国邻近地区比较,其与岭南山地区种相似性最大。这说明保护区种子植物区系不隶属于华东地区,而隶属于岭南山地区。在中国植物区系中,以格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)为优势植物的保护区隶属于东亚植物区、中国—日本森林植物亚区属、岭南山地区、粤北亚地区,并通过其与相邻以苦槠(C. scleiophylla)为优势的浙南山地亚地区、以红锥(C. hystrix)为优势的南岭东段亚地区和两种植物都不占优势的闽北山地亚地区比较,讨论了各个亚地区科属种的分布状况及特有程度。

关键词: 格氏栲保护区, 种子植物, 植物地理区系, 福建三明, 中国

中图分类号: Q948.2

文献标识码: A

文章编号: 10003142(2017)12152112

Abstract: Spermatophyte flora characteristics, from Sanming Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, were analyzed and the differences among four adjacent regions were compared based on the spermatophyte list which was formulated according to specimens collection and relevant literatures. The results showed that flora origin was relatively old and maintained the original species composition that had kept a complete evolutionary series of seed plants since the Miocene. Due to its complex terrain conditions and alternate climate influence of wind belt from east and west, the species composition is abundant and consists of 1 303 species belonging to 149 families and 602 genera; the constructive species belongs to the families of Lauraceae and Fagaceae, has more complex family and genus geographic components of tropical distribution type than that of temperate distribution, and pantropical distribution has the largest proportion; by comparing with adjacent areas, the similarity with Daiyun Mountain is the highest and decreased with the movement toward north or south. Flora characteristic analysis illustrates that the spermatophyte flora, in Sanming Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve, belongs to the Lingnan area but not the East China. Plants flora, in this area, belong to the Eastern Asiatic region, SinoJapan forest subregion, Lingnan region, and North Guangdong subregion. The distribution of family, genus, species and specific degrees are discussed among. South Zhejiang subregion controlled by C. scleiophylla, North Fujian subregion, North Guangdong region and East Nanling subregion controlled by C. hystrix, North Fujian subregion neither controlled by the two species.

Key words: Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve, spermatophyte, floristic plant geography, Fujian Sanming, China

福建三明格氏栲保护区在植物区系上(曾文彬,1983;吴征镒等,2016)分別认为处于华南地区与华东地区和岭南山地地区与华东地区交汇区上,植被分区上(林鹏,1990;陈灵芝等,2014)分别认为处于南亚热带雨林植被带与中亚热带照叶林植被带和东部中亚热带常绿阔叶林南部亚地带与东部中亚热带常绿阔叶林北部亚地带交错的带上,在气候带上处于南亚热带和中亚热带海洋性季风气候交界处(鹿世瑾,1999)。在交界带上的保护区以独特的自然森林景观,为从事植物学研究的人们所关注。为了保护这片1796—1823年人类经营毛竹林(Phyllostachys edulis)后撩荒地上经萌芽更新(林竞成,1980)形成近700 hm2(林鹏和丘喜昭,1986)格氏栲占绝对优势的老林龄,1964年福建林业厅将这片天然林划为格氏栲自然保护区(刘金福等,2004)。以往许多学者对其进行了格氏栲群落演替(林竞成,1980)、种群动态(刘金福等,2004)、人为干扰(He et al,2012)等研究,认为格氏栲种群处于衰退中,有的学者将其称为衰退种,处于渐危状态,被列为珍稀濒危植物之一(傅立国和金鉴明,1991)。但对保护区种子植物区系分析仅在群落分类中做了属区系分析(游水生和郭振庭,1994),尚未对全区种子植物区系做详细的分析。另一面从1931年(HadnelMazzetti,1931)起至今,由于各自的依据与划分标准差异,国内外主要论著(何景,1951,1955;张宏达,1962;吴征镒,1979;曾文彬,1983;刘慎谔,1985;游水生,1990;游水生和郭振庭,1994;游水生等,2011),对福建植物区系归属问题,看法和划分不尽相同。为此,作者通过历年野外植物采集及查阅相关文献资料,整理编写成《福建三明格氏栲自然保护区种子植物名录》,以此为基础资料,根据中国植物区系分区系统(吴征镒等,2016)对其植物区系性质和地理意义进行研究;欲解决以下问题:1.交错带上格氏栲保护区植物区系性质如何?2.三明格氏栲保护区植物区系地理归属问题。

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