粮食物流助力主销区粮食供需平衡

摘 要： 【目的/意义】粮食供需平衡是确保粮食安全的基本前提，主销区粮食供给和需求之间的平衡需要靠物流来助力和实现。通过该研究为主销区粮食供需平衡提供物流方面的助力措施。【方法/过程】通过分析粮食物流进行价值创造的时间、空间和增值效应，阐述主销区粮食物流的生产、调入和储备职能，即保障基本供给、实现跨域转移和满足持续消费，以福建省为例剖析了主销区粮食在生产布局、运输过程和储备制度等方面的物流现状。【结果/结论】研究表明，主销区粮食物流存在着生产形势不乐观、运输网络欠顺畅、储备压力不轻松等问题，对此提出了生产上要发掘潜力和稳产增效、运输上要开辟通道和优化网络、储备上要完善设施和有效管控等物流助力措施，以确保主销区粮食供需平衡。

关键词： 粮食物流;粮食供需平衡;主销区;助力措施

中图分类号：F326.6;F326.11 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1637-5617（2019）05-0015-06

Abstract：  【Objective/Meaning】Grain supplydemand balance is the basic premise to ensure food security. The balance between grain supply and demand in the main grainconsuming areas needs to be facilitated and realized through logistics. Through the study， logistics supporting measures for the grain supplydemand balance in main grainconsuming areas were put forward.【Methods/Procedures】By analyzing the time， space and valueadded effects of value creation in grain logistics， the production， transfer and reserve functions of grain logistics in the main grainconsuming areas were elaborated， namely guaranteeing basic supply， realizing interregional transfer and satisfying sustainable consumption. Then， by taking Fujian for example， the logistics status of grain production distribution， transportation process， and reserve system in the main grainconsuming areas was analyzed.【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that there were some existing problems of grain logistics in the main grainconsuming areas， such as the unoptimistic production situation， unsmooth transportation network， and uneasy storage pressure. Therefore， the logistics supporting measures were put forward including tapping potential and stabilizing production and increasing efficiency in production， opening up channels and optimizing networks in transportation， and improving facilities and making effective control in storage， thus to ensure the grain supplydemand balance in the main grainconsuming areas.

Key words：  grain logistics;grain supplydemand balance;main grainconsuming areas;supporting measures

我國是世界上最大的粮食生产和消费国，用占世界7%的耕地养活了占世界22%的人口，2017年人均粮食产量达到477 kg，远超人均130.1 kg的粮食（原粮）消费量[1]。随着近年来粮食产量的持续稳步增长，现阶段我国已实现了粮食基本自给，响应了习近平总书记的“中国人要把饭碗端在自己手里，而且要装自己的粮食”这一号召。总体上来看，我国粮食供需基本平衡，但由于地域广阔，且自然环境的区域差异较大，我国粮食主产区、产销平衡区及主销区的粮食自给状况存在明显差距。例如，主产区黑龙江省的稻谷自给率高达1128.55%，而主销区福建省的粮食自给率仅为37%，其中玉米自给率不足10%[2-3]。销区的粮食需求缺口势必要通过从产区调入粮食，以及销区的粮食库存储备来加以满足，这其中，粮食物流系统功不可没。粮食物流通过其运输、储存等功能实现了粮食这种特殊物资的远距离输送和长时间保存，克服了粮食产需间的时空差异，在衔接产销区间粮食调出调入以及弥补销区的粮食自给不足等方面扮演着“桥梁”角色，为助力主销区的粮食供需平衡发挥了重要作用。

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